Climate change poses severe threats to Indian agriculture through erratic monsoons, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events. Agriculture contributes 18% to GDP but employs 42% of workforce, making climate adaptation crucial. NABARD leads financing for climate-resilient agriculture through dedicated funds, watershed projects, and farmer producer organizations. Key initiatives include Climate Change Fund (₹100 crore), micro-irrigation support, and crop diversification programs. Government focuses on drought-resistant varieties, precision farming, and insurance schemes to build agricultural resilience against climate variability and ensure food security.

Climate change significantly impacts Indian agriculture through altered precipitation patterns, increased frequency of droughts and floods, and rising temperatures affecting crop yields. This threatens food security for 1.4 billion people and livelihoods of 600 million farmers. NABARD plays a pivotal role in climate adaptation by financing infrastructure, technology adoption, and capacity building. The institution channels funds through Priority Sector Lending, refinances banks for green agriculture projects, and supports Farmer Producer Organizations for collective climate action. Key adaptation strategies include promoting climate-smart agriculture practices, developing drought-resistant crop varieties, improving water use efficiency through micro-irrigation, and strengthening weather forecasting systems. NABARD's Climate Change Fund specifically targets vulnerable regions, while its watershed development programs enhance water conservation and soil health. The institution also facilitates crop insurance expansion and promotes renewable energy in agriculture. These interventions are crucial as climate change could reduce agricultural productivity by 10-25% by 2050, directly affecting rural incomes and national food security. Success depends on coordinated policy implementation, farmer awareness, and sustained financial support for adaptation technologies.